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    <meta name="description" content="元器件基础 写在前面: 本系列参考视频    Task 1: 半导体基础  本征半导体  定义: 无杂质的半导体, 其中多为 Si、Ge (由于成本问题一般不考虑锗元素) 导电原理: 本征激发. 即将半导体置于电场之中  本征激发导致了空穴&#x2F;自由电子的产生, 空穴或自由电子称为载流子, 空穴与电子进行&quot;复合运动&quot;产生微弱的局部电流. 结论: 空穴与电子相向运动, 电流方向与空">
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<widget class="widget-wrapper toc single" id="data-toc"><div class="widget-header cap dis-select"><span class="name">电子技术——半导体</span></div><div class="widget-body fs14"><div class="doc-tree active"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#task-1-%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80"><span class="toc-text"> Task 1: 半导体基础</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%BE%81%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93"><span class="toc-text"> 本征半导体</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9D%82%E8%B4%A8%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93"><span class="toc-text"> 杂质半导体</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#task-2-pn-%E7%BB%93%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E5%8D%95%E5%90%91%E5%AF%BC%E7%94%B5%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-text"> Task 2: PN 结与其单向导电性</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86"><span class="toc-text"> 补充知识</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#pn-%E7%BB%93%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90"><span class="toc-text"> PN 结的形成</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#pn-%E7%BB%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%95%E5%90%91%E5%AF%BC%E7%94%B5%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-text"> PN 结的单向导电性</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#task-3-pn-%E7%BB%93%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-text"> Task 3: PN 结的其它特性</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%8F%E5%AE%89%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-text"> 伏安特性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%87%BB%E7%A9%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-text"> 击穿特性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-text"> 电容特性</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div></widget>




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<article class='md-text content post reveal'>
<h1 class="article-title"><span>电子技术——半导体</span></h1>
<h1 id="元器件基础"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#元器件基础"></a> 元器件基础</h1>
<p>写在前面: 本系列参考视频</p>
<iframe src="//player.bilibili.com/player.html?aid=948604449&bvid=BV1Ps4y1x7jw&cid=984799131&page=1" scrolling="no" border="0" frameborder="no" framespacing="0" allowfullscreen="true"> </iframe>
<h2 id="task-1-半导体基础"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#task-1-半导体基础"></a> Task 1: 半导体基础</h2>
<h3 id="本征半导体"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#本征半导体"></a> <mark>本征</mark>半导体</h3>
<ol>
<li>定义: 无杂质的半导体, 其中多为 <strong>Si</strong>、Ge (由于成本问题一般不考虑锗元素)</li>
<li>导电原理: 本征激发. 即将半导体置于电场之中<br />
<img class="lazy" src="" data-src="https://img.gejiba.com/images/ba8e19f4f6f2a3a508f428ba7a755acd.png" alt="本征半导体" /><br />
本征激发导致了<em>空穴/自由电子</em>的产生, 空穴或自由电子称为载流子, 空穴与电子进行&quot;复合运动&quot;产生微弱的局部电流.<br />
<strong>结论</strong>: <em>空穴与电子相向运动, <mark>电流</mark>方向与<mark>空穴</mark>运动方向相同</em></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="杂质半导体"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#杂质半导体"></a> <mark>杂质</mark>半导体</h3>
<ol>
<li><em>P 型</em> 半导体: 掺入<mark>B 元素</mark>, 多子为<em>空穴</em>, 少子为<em>自由电子</em></li>
<li><em>N 型</em>半导体: 掺入<mark>P 元素</mark>, 多子为<em>自由电子</em>, 少子为<em>空穴</em></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="task-2-pn-结与其单向导电性"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#task-2-pn-结与其单向导电性"></a> Task 2: PN 结与其单向导电性</h2>
<h3 id="补充知识"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#补充知识"></a> 补充知识</h3>
<ul>
<li>电子带负电,空穴带正电</li>
<li>原子和半导体本身属于电中性, 不带电</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="pn-结的形成"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#pn-结的形成"></a> PN 结的形成</h3>
<ul>
<li>由于 P 型半导体空穴数量远大于 N 型, N 型半导体自由电子数量远大于 P 型, 在浓度高向浓度低方向&quot;扩散&quot;运动的作用下导致两半导体接触的中心区域形成一个既无空穴也无自由电子的 PN 结<br />
<img class="lazy" src="" data-src="https://img.gejiba.com/images/0257f0a12c1c8524c5168c0f59c3ac0d.png" alt="PN结的形成" /></li>
<li>PN 结也称<mark>空间电荷区</mark> 和<mark>势垒区</mark></li>
<li>PN 结内部由于左右两侧的正负离子形成了一个向左的电场抑制两侧 PN 结外多子的运动而得名势垒区, 少子运动将会被促进, 被称为<mark>漂移运动</mark><br />
<img class="lazy" src="" data-src="https://img.gejiba.com/images/9282d781160176a4a41b1164ea8e0318.png" alt="PN结的形成2" /></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>小结:<br />
1.“扩散运动” : <mark>多子</mark> 发生的运动, 内电场<mark>抑制</mark>该现象<br />
2.“漂移运动”: <mark>少子</mark> 发生的运动, 内电场<mark>促进</mark>该现象<br />
3. PN 结: 又叫&quot;势垒区&quot;,“空间电荷区”</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="pn-结的单向导电性"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#pn-结的单向导电性"></a> PN 结的单向导电性</h3>
<p>电源正极接 P 型半导体侧, 负极接 N 型半导体侧 (正偏接法), 由于电源电场作用, 势垒区被削弱变薄, 电场足够大时可完全导通. 反之, 反向接线会增厚势垒区导致无法导通.</p>
<ol>
<li>正偏: PN 结加以<mark>正</mark>向电压 (P<sup>+</sup>N<sup>-</sup>),载流子被<mark>推向中间</mark>, PN 结变<mark>薄</mark>,<mark>可以</mark>导通</li>
<li>反偏: PN 结加以<mark>反</mark>向电压(P<sup>-</sup>N<sup>+</sup>), 载流子被<mark>拉向两侧</mark>, PN 结变<mark>厚</mark>, <mark>不能</mark>导通, 即<mark>截止</mark></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="task-3-pn-结的其它特性"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#task-3-pn-结的其它特性"></a> Task 3: PN 结的其它特性</h2>
<h3 id="伏安特性"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#伏安特性"></a> 伏安特性</h3>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mfrac><mi>U</mi><msub><mi>U</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></mfrac></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I = I_s (e^\frac{U} {U_T} -1)
</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.37828em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.12828em;"><span style="top:-3.5178149999999997em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter sizing reset-size3 size6"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8720928571428572em;"><span style="top:-2.6559999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">U</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3448em;"><span style="top:-2.3447999999999998em;margin-left:-0.10903em;margin-right:0.1em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.6833299999999998em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33853em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.2255000000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line mtight" style="border-bottom-width:0.049em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.384em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">U</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.5858071428571429em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter sizing reset-size3 size6"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://img.gejiba.com/image/EexTqW"><img class="lazy" src="" data-src="https://img.gejiba.com/images/f6eaeb589d3f8ed3d84451331d9c76d4.png" alt="伏安特性曲线" /></a><br />
Note:<br />
① 该数学表达式表示的是一个 PN 结两侧电压与通过其电流的关系<br />
② 该表达式中只有 U 和 I 为变量, 其余为常量<br />
③ 公式需要记忆<br />
式中</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">I</th>
<th style="text-align:center">U</th>
<th style="text-align:center">I<sub>s</sub></th>
<th style="text-align:center">U<sub>T</sub></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">流过 PN 结的电流</td>
<td style="text-align:center">PN 结两端的电压</td>
<td style="text-align:center">PN 结的反偏电流</td>
<td style="text-align:center">温度当量, 约26mV</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>例题 1</strong>:<br />
有两个 PN 结,  <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mi>μ</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I_{s1}=1 \mu A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord mathdefault">μ</span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span> ,I <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mi>n</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I_{s2} = 1 nA</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>,串联, 正向电流为 1 mA, 求导通时的 PN 结电压<br />
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://img.gejiba.com/image/Eex6yA"><img class="lazy" src="" data-src="https://img.gejiba.com/images/14de8298056e47f9ce77e209640c1d61.md.png" alt="例题" /></a><br />
由公式知,<br />
<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mfrac><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>U</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></mfrac></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I = I_{s1} (e^\frac{U_1} {U_T} -1)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.48575em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.23575em;"><span style="top:-3.5178149999999997em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter sizing reset-size3 size6"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0256214285714287em;"><span style="top:-2.6559999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">U</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3448em;"><span style="top:-2.3447999999999998em;margin-left:-0.10903em;margin-right:0.1em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.6833299999999998em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33853em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.2255000000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line mtight" style="border-bottom-width:0.049em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.5375285714285716em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">U</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3448em;"><span style="top:-2.3447999999999998em;margin-left:-0.10903em;margin-right:0.1em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.64444em;"></span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29964em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.5858071428571429em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter sizing reset-size3 size6"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span>,<br />
<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mfrac><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>U</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></mfrac></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I = I_{s2} (e^\frac{U_2} {U_T} -1)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.48575em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.23575em;"><span style="top:-3.5178149999999997em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter sizing reset-size3 size6"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0256214285714287em;"><span style="top:-2.6559999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">U</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3448em;"><span style="top:-2.3447999999999998em;margin-left:-0.10903em;margin-right:0.1em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.6833299999999998em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33853em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.2255000000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line mtight" style="border-bottom-width:0.049em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.5375285714285716em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">U</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3448em;"><span style="top:-2.3447999999999998em;margin-left:-0.10903em;margin-right:0.1em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.64444em;"></span><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29964em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.5858071428571429em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter sizing reset-size3 size6"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span>.将题干正向电流带入 <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I_s</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> 项即可求解</p>
<h3 id="击穿特性"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#击穿特性"></a> 击穿特性</h3>
<p>当 PN 结反偏或所加电压过大时, 会发生击穿现象, 有两种击穿:</p>
<ol>
<li>雪崩击穿: 发生需要电压比较<mark>高</mark>, PN 结较<mark>厚</mark>.</li>
<li>齐纳击穿: 发生需要电压比较<mark>低</mark>, PN 结较<mark>薄</mark>.<br />
雪崩击穿是由于 PN 结过厚束缚过多自由电子导致外来自由电子易将 PN 结内电子击出产生连锁效应的击穿<br />
齐纳击穿是由于 PN 结较薄导致内部自由电子可能直接被内电场拉出形成自由电子.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="电容特性"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#电容特性"></a> 电容特性</h3>
<p>PN 结可等效为一个电阻与一个电容并联</p>



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  stellar.plugins.stellar = Object.assign({"sites":"/js/plugins/sites.js","friends":"/js/plugins/friends.js","ghinfo":"/js/plugins/ghinfo.js","timeline":"/js/plugins/timeline.js","linkcard":"/js/plugins/linkcard.js","fcircle":"/js/plugins/fcircle.js","weibo":"/js/plugins/weibo.js"});

  stellar.plugins.marked = Object.assign("https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/marked/4.0.18/marked.min.js");
  // optional plugins
  if ('true' == 'true') {
    stellar.plugins.lazyload = Object.assign({"enable":true,"js":"https://gcore.jsdelivr.net/npm/vanilla-lazyload@17.8.3/dist/lazyload.min.js","transition":"blur"});
  }
  if ('true' == 'true') {
    stellar.plugins.swiper = Object.assign({"enable":true,"css":"https://unpkg.com/swiper@8.4.5/swiper-bundle.min.css","js":"https://unpkg.com/swiper@8.4.5/swiper-bundle.min.js"});
  }
  if ('true' == 'true') {
    stellar.plugins.scrollreveal = Object.assign({"enable":true,"js":"https://gcore.jsdelivr.net/npm/scrollreveal@4.0.9/dist/scrollreveal.min.js","distance":"8px","duration":500,"interval":100,"scale":1});
  }
  if ('true' == 'true') {
    stellar.plugins.preload = Object.assign({"enable":true,"service":"flying_pages","instant_page":"https://gcore.jsdelivr.net/gh/volantis-x/cdn-volantis@4.1.2/js/instant_page.js","flying_pages":"https://gcore.jsdelivr.net/gh/gijo-varghese/flying-pages@2.1.2/flying-pages.min.js"});
  }
  if ('true' == 'true') {
    stellar.plugins.fancybox = Object.assign({"enable":true,"js":"https://gcore.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@4.0/dist/fancybox.umd.js","css":"https://gcore.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@4.0/dist/fancybox.css","selector":".swiper-slide img"});
  }
  if ('false' == 'true') {
    stellar.plugins.heti = Object.assign({"enable":false,"css":"https://unpkg.com/heti@0.9.2/umd/heti.min.css","js":"https://unpkg.com/heti@0.9.2/umd/heti-addon.min.js"});
  }
</script>

<!-- required -->

  
<script src="/js/main.js" async></script>



<!-- optional -->



<!-- inject -->


  </div>
</body>
</html>
